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III.5. MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT

VI.2. SOCIO-ECONOMIC ASSESSMENT

1. What types of exploitation were and are most frequent in the area:
Types of exploitation Before the project % of project area Actual % of project area Date of abandonment
Field agriculture  YES Unknown  -   1960's 
Orchards (olive trees, etc.)  YES YES  
Bee-keeping  YES YES  
Pasture lands  -   -    
Planted forest-tree crops (e.g., cork, timber, pulp,...)  YES YES  
Managed semi-natural forest or coppice  -   YES 89   
Aromatic plants  -   -    
Edible mushrooms  -   -    
Urban: residential, tourist facilities, etc.  -   -    
*Please indicate the reference date (e.g., at the time of project implementation; 25, 50, etc. years before project implementation; etc.):
20 years before project implementation  

2. Does significant grazing take place in the project area?
No   
a) Indicate species and livestock population (data on past, present and projections for future, if available) 
Before the project Ref.Date:  
Projection for the future Ref.Date:  
Type of livestock Before the project At present Projection for the future);echo " ";?>
--- --- --- ---
b) Comments on past, present and projections for future census and exploitation systems in the restoration area:
 

3. Are timber and other wood products exploited:
No
a) Type of timber and other wood products (species):
 
b) Volume produced/year:
 
c) Is timber and other wood products felled for use for local people?
No
Description:  

4. Are non-timber forest products collected?
No
Non-timber products collected Economic importance
--- ---
c) Does hunting take place? No

5. Employment
a) Did project implementation works generate jobs for the local population?
No
b) Does the restored area provide jobs at present?
YES No
- Occasional
- Permanent
Description:  
c) Number (approximate) of people employed in the restored area ? /year: 
Occasional  
Permanent  

6. Homeland
a) Are people living in the restored area?
No
b) If yes, indicate type of lifestyle:
- Indigenous
- Settled
- Part-time/Second home
c) Human population dynamics in the project area in the last 20 years:
Type (increase/decrease): decrease 
Range of change: medium 

7. Recreational and educational value
a) Uniquiness of particular sites within the restored area?
No
Description:  
b) Do people use the restored area for recreation?
No
c) Average number of visitors/year (approximate value):
 
d) Presence of tourist or educational facilities (visitor centre, guide trails,...):
No
If yes, please list number and types:
 
e) Types of activity (walking, hunting,...)
 
f) Is the area used in scientific work?
No
Description:  

8. Cultural value
a) Does the project area have particular significance to local inhabitants?
No
b) Are there important cultural or religious sites present in the project area?: (World Heritage sites, sacred groves, trees, burial sites, buildings, ..)
No
c) If yes, list sites, types, designations and indicate if they have official protection:
 
d) Presence of culturally important lanscapes: (land management, grazing system, ...)
No
Description:  
e) Are there references in folklore, literature, etc. to the project area?
- Yes
- No
YES Unknown
f) After the project implementation, were there any negative impacts to cultural sites/landscapes?
No
Description:  
g) Have the cultural sites/landscapes been protected in the framework of the project?
- Yes
YES No
- Partly

9. Local participation
a) In relation to the project, the local population has a position of?
- Participation
YES Indifference
- Opposition
- Boycott
b) Are local people involved in decisions about the project area?
Yes
c) What is the nature of participation?
Consultations to the Penamacor County by the central administration  
d) Has a questionnaire been prepared concerning local people's perception of the project (participatory approach)?
- Yes
YES No
- Unknown
Was it intended to make the population:
- more sensitive to risks (wildfires, floods, erosion, etc.)?
- Yes
- No
- Unknown
- more aware of the advantages of ecological restoration?
- Yes
- No
- Unknown
- Other:  

REACTION: This research is supported by the "Energy, Environment and Sustainable Development" programme, under contract EVK2-2002-80025