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III.5. MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT

VI.2. SOCIO-ECONOMIC ASSESSMENT

1. What types of exploitation were and are most frequent in the area:
Types of exploitation Before the project % of project area Actual % of project area Date of abandonment
Field agriculture  YES -   1880 
Orchards (olive trees, etc.)  -   -    
Bee-keeping  -   -    
Pasture lands  YES 20  -    
Planted forest-tree crops (e.g., cork, timber, pulp,...)  -   -    
Managed semi-natural forest or coppice  YES 70  YES 95   
Aromatic plants  YES 10  YES  
Edible mushrooms  YES YES  
Urban: residential, tourist facilities, etc.  YES YES  
*Please indicate the reference date (e.g., at the time of project implementation; 25, 50, etc. years before project implementation; etc.):
 

2. Does significant grazing take place in the project area?
No   
a) Indicate species and livestock population (data on past, present and projections for future, if available) 
Before the project Ref.Date:  
Projection for the future Ref.Date:  
Type of livestock Before the project At present Projection for the future);echo " ";?>
Sheeps   
Goats   
b) Comments on past, present and projections for future census and exploitation systems in the restoration area:
Population before project is unknown, but is was excesive, because grazing was one of the main deforestation agents 

3. Are timber and other wood products exploited:
No
a) Type of timber and other wood products (species):
 
b) Volume produced/year:
 
c) Is timber and other wood products felled for use for local people?
No
Description:  

4. Are non-timber forest products collected?
Yes
Non-timber products collected Economic importance
Aromatic plants  low 
Edible mushrooms  low 
c) Does hunting take place? Yes

5. Employment
a) Did project implementation works generate jobs for the local population?
Yes
b) Does the restored area provide jobs at present?
- No
- Occasional
YES Permanent
Description: Maintenance service; Information service; Technical service 
c) Number (approximate) of people employed in the restored area ? /year: 
Occasional  
Permanent 15 

6. Homeland
a) Are people living in the restored area?
Yes
b) If yes, indicate type of lifestyle:
- Indigenous
- Settled
YES Part-time/Second home
c) Human population dynamics in the project area in the last 20 years:
Type (increase/decrease): Decrease 
Range of change: Low 

7. Recreational and educational value
a) Uniquiness of particular sites within the restored area?
Yes
Description: Forest in a semiarid environment 
b) Do people use the restored area for recreation?
Yes
c) Average number of visitors/year (approximate value):
200.000 
d) Presence of tourist or educational facilities (visitor centre, guide trails,...):
No
If yes, please list number and types:
Visitor centre "RIcardo Codorniú 
e) Types of activity (walking, hunting,...)
 
f) Is the area used in scientific work?
No
Description:  

8. Cultural value
a) Does the project area have particular significance to local inhabitants?
No
b) Are there important cultural or religious sites present in the project area?: (World Heritage sites, sacred groves, trees, burial sites, buildings, ..)
No
c) If yes, list sites, types, designations and indicate if they have official protection:
 
d) Presence of culturally important lanscapes: (land management, grazing system, ...)
Yes
Description:  
e) Are there references in folklore, literature, etc. to the project area?
- Yes
- No
- Unknown
f) After the project implementation, were there any negative impacts to cultural sites/landscapes?
Yes
Description: Snow caves in the higher zones of the Park 
g) Have the cultural sites/landscapes been protected in the framework of the project?
YES Yes
- No
- Partly

9. Local participation
a) In relation to the project, the local population has a position of?
- Participation
- Indifference
- Opposition
- Boycott
b) Are local people involved in decisions about the project area?
No
c) What is the nature of participation?
 
d) Has a questionnaire been prepared concerning local people's perception of the project (participatory approach)?
- Yes
- No
- Unknown
Was it intended to make the population:
- more sensitive to risks (wildfires, floods, erosion, etc.)?
- Yes
- No
- Unknown
- more aware of the advantages of ecological restoration?
YES Yes
- No
- Unknown
- Other:  

REACTION: This research is supported by the "Energy, Environment and Sustainable Development" programme, under contract EVK2-2002-80025